The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act increased the minimum reserve ratio for the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) from 1.15 percent to 1.35 percent.
Extraordinary growth in insured deposits during the first and second quarters of 2020 caused the DIF reserve ratio to decline below the statutory minimum of 1.35 percent as of June 30, 2020. In September 2020, the FDIC Board of Directors adopted a Restoration Plan to restore the reserve ratio to at least 1.35 percent within eight years, absent extraordinary circumstances, as required by the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.
As of June 30, 2025, the reserve ratio exceeded the statutory minimum and, beginning with the third quarter of 2025, the FDIC will no longer be operating under a Restoration Plan.
FDIC is required by law to set deposit insurance assessments based on risk to support the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF). A risk-based assessment system reduces the subsidy that lower-risk banks provide higher-risk banks and incentivizes banks to monitor and reduce risks that could increase potential losses to the DIF.
While the FDIC first implemented risk-based pricing in 1993 after the banking crisis of the early 1990s, Congress enacted legislation in 2006 that allowed the FDIC to charge risk-based premiums to all institutions regardless of the level of the fund. Subsequently, the FDIC refined its risk-based pricing system by establishing separate pricing methodologies for small and large banks and implemented additional adjustments based on experience resolving failed banks at the start of the 2008 financial crisis.
The FDIC also significantly revised the risk-based premium system following the crisis. First, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, the FDIC amended its regulations in 2011 to redefine the assessment base by broadening it from domestic deposits to average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity. The FDIC subsequently made revisions to its large bank pricing system in 2011 and its small bank pricing system in 2016 based on its experience resolving hundreds of failed banks over two financial crises.
Extraordinary growth in insured deposits during the first and second quarters of 2020 caused the DIF reserve ratio to decline below the statutory minimum of 1.35 percent. In September 2020, the FDIC Board of Directors adopted a Restoration Plan to restore the reserve ratio to at least 1.35 percent within eight years, absent extraordinary circumstances, as required by the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (FDI Act). In 2022, the FDIC adopted a final rule to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules uniformly by 2 basis points to increase the likelihood that the reserve ratio of the DIF reaches the statutory minimum of 1.35 percent by the statutory deadline and to reduce the likelihood that the FDIC would need to consider a potentially pro-cyclical assessment rate increase when banking and economic conditions may be less favorable.
In 2023, the FDIC adopted a final rule to implement a special assessment to recover the loss to the DIF associated with protecting uninsured depositors following the closures of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. The FDI Act requires the FDIC to take this action in connection with the systemic risk determination announced on March 12, 2023.
The following rulemakings are related to assessments banks pay to support the DIF and are organized by year the rule was finalized, where applicable. Topics include assessment rates, large bank pricing system, small bank pricing system, special assessments, and the assessment base.
The FDIC Board has broad discretion to manage the Deposit Insurance Fund, including setting the level of the designated reserve ratio (DRR). Since 2010, the Board has consistently voted to set the DRR at 2 percent.
2024
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2023
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2022
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2021
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2020
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2019
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2018
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2017
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2016
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2015
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2014
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2013
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2012
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2011
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2010
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2009
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2006
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The Federal Deposit Insurance Act establishes the key parameters of deposit insurance coverage, including the standard maximum deposit insurance amount, currently $250,000, and separate insurance coverage for deposits that a depositor maintains in different insurance categories. Select rulemakings related to deposits and deposit insurance are included below. For more information about deposit insurance, visit our Deposit Insurance and Deposit Insurance Basics resource pages.